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I. Variety characteristics White snow Jiaren seeds use pumpkins as large-plate type pumpkin varieties, and it is one of the fine varieties with high seed rate in pumpkins. Its main features are: early ripening, strong growth potential, resistance to alkali and drought, resistance to warts, strong adaptability, less pests and diseases; melons are large, thin skin, can be eaten fresh; seeds are more, high yield, white grain, usually single melon weight 5-10 kilograms, single seeds 200-300 seeds, an average of 667 square meters (1 acre) more than 100 kilograms of seeds, high yield up to 150 kilograms. The grain is large and full, with a grain diameter of 12-13 mm, which is a good raw material for the roasted-roast shop. Melon can be processed into pumpkin powder, pumpkin sauce, pumpkin noodles, pumpkin fans and so on. The output value of 667 square meters is generally between 1,500 and 2,000 yuan, which is a good project for farmers to adjust their industrial structure. Second, the cultivation techniques 1, sowing and nursery. Premature cultivation in the open field, generally sowing in late March, planting in mid-April. Seeds were sun dried before sowing, and then soaked in warm water at 55°C, and continuously stirred, soaked for 4 hours when cooled to 30°C, and then germinated for 36 hours at 30°C to sow the buds sowed in the nutrient bowl. Spread the thin soil to see the seeds for the degree, and finally cover the micro-film, flattened all around, wait until Miao Qi after the arch shed. Seedling temperature management and ventilation, 7 days before planting, practice seedlings. 2. Daejeon transplant. Select loose soil with high topography and good irrigation and drainage conditions. Before the planting, the soil was deeply planted. Before fertilization, fertilization of 5,000 kg of fertilized organic fertilizer, 30 kg of ternary compound fertilizer, 30 kg of phosphorus fertilizer and 100 kg of vegetable dry cake were applied. , soil and fertilizer can be planted after mixing. When the seedlings grow to 2-3 true leaves and the temperature is stable at more than 10°C, they must be planted in a sunny day and planted. After planting, they should be irrigated with water, and the plant spacing should be 60 cm and 70 cm, and 667 m2 should be planted for about 1,500 plants. 3, field management. After planting, cultivating tillage weeds 1-2 times. After pruning, the vines will be pruned in time. The pruning method can be used for the pruning of single vines, that is, only one main vine is left per plant, and the remaining side vines are erased in time. The second or third female flower is suitable for sitting on the melon, and the root melon is generally a melon or a small melon, and is unfavorable for the subsequent fruit set and growth and development and should be removed. During the process of sitting on the melon, the tip of the long vine was picked in time. For early maturing, artificial pollination should be assisted. Artificial pollination is best done on a sunny day at 5-8 am. The specific method of operation is to wrap the corolla with yellow female flowers that will be opened the day before. The collected male flowers were timely pollinated, and the female flowers were then bagged after pollination. The seed pumpkin should not be fertilized too much. Otherwise, the pumpkin tends to grow long and causes fruit drop. Therefore, the amount of basal fertilizer should be controlled and the top dressing should be emphasized. Inverted vines combined with earth for the first time after the top dressing, the second top dressing is generally carried out after the melon has been stable, each 667 square meters Shi Sanyuan compound fertilizer about 15 kg. Don't flood the water so as not to aggravate the disease and cause the fruit to rot. In damp plots, in order to prevent rotten melons, non-absorbent materials such as straw or wheat straw can be used to pick up the melons, and the ripe pumpkins are harvested in time. Cover the pumpkins with grass and melon leaves in the middle and late stages of the swells to prevent the sunlight from burning the squash. 4. Pest control. The white snow seed kernels are more resistant to local pumpkins. However, attention should be paid to the prevention and control of aphid damage. It can be controlled by pesticides such as imidacloprid, dimethoate and dichlorvos. In the rainy season, attention should be paid to the prevention of viral diseases. Pumpkin powdery mildew is a common disease. 70% mancozeb 700-800 times liquid and 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1000 times liquid are commonly used in the production for prevention and treatment. At the same time, drainage should be drained in time. Reduce the humidity in the field. 5, harvest. About 45 days after flowering, the fruit surface was fully colored and harvested when fruit stems were cracked and lignified. After harvesting, the melons should be stored in a ventilated and dry place, and the grains should be washed and dried on a sunny day.

Sunflower planting time How is sunflower seed planted? Sunflowers can be planted in all seasons, often in summer and winter. The flowering period can be more than two weeks. Except for the appearance of the sun, the flowers are bright and generous, suitable for ornamental decorations. The seeds are more economical and can be used as a substitute. The favorite sunflower seeds can extract high-grade edible sunflower oil with low cholesterol. Let's take a look at how sunflower seeds are grown together! For the cultivation of selected land preparation sunflowers, the land should be flat, the fertility should be medium, the irrigation and drainage should be convenient, and the soil with relatively small soil viscosity should not be heavy. The seedlings are progeny, and peat soil is suitable for sowing. Seed dressing with new high-fat membrane before sowing can repel underground pests, isolate virus infection and increase seed germination rate. The sowing time for timely sowing sunflower is generally from March to April, and the suitable temperature for sowing is 18 to 25 ° C, usually 5 to 7 days after sowing. The basic principle of sowing date selection is based on the regularity of salt and alkali, suitable early or late sowing, so that the seedlings avoid salt and alkali. Spring or summer sowing according to the growth period of the variety. Chatian replanting sunflower is a dicotyledonous crop. It is more difficult to top out the soil. In addition, the soil preparation, the quality of the sowing is not high, or the soil surface of the rain after the sowing, or diseases, insects, rats, and birds are all harmful. . In order to ensure that the whole seedlings are broadcasted, it must be checked line by line in the seedling stage, and the seedlings should be replanted in time. Interplanting seedlings and sunflowers should be planted early, prevent seedlings from being seeded, affecting the cultivation of strong seedlings, and even future yields. As for the saline-alkali land and heavy insect plots, the seedling time can be appropriately postponed. At the same time, the sunflower should be fixed early, which is conducive to the cultivation of strong seedlings, and is also conducive to the development of the flower disk. The seedlings should be carried out in two pairs of true leaves. The cultivating weeding sunflower is generally cultivated 2 to 3 times to remove the grass and loosen the soil, remove the knot, save the water, reduce the evaporation, reduce the damage caused by the salt and alkali, etc. The first cultivating in the 1 to 2 pairs of true leaves combined with the seedlings and seedlings, the first 2 times of cultivating was carried out 1 week after the seedling was planted, and the 3rd cultivating was combined with ditching, soil cultivation and fertilization before sealing the ridge. Ditching and topdressing sunflower is more like fertilization. Ditching and topdressing are usually carried out during the third cultivating. Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers are mainly used, 5 kg of diammonium phosphate per acre and 10 kg of urea, which are mixed and applied to the soil. Through ditching soil, it can effectively ensure the growth of secondary roots, prevent lodging, and reduce the branches of the bases below the cotyledonary nodes. The timely irrigation of sunflower irrigation is carried out by furrow irrigation. The general plant height is 1.5 meters. The head water should be carried out in the flower bud stage. The second water is in the early flowering stage and the three water is in the filling stage. For plants with a plant height of about 2 meters, the head water is carried out 4 to 5 days before flowering (severe drought, irrigation is advanced), and the second water is 6 to 7 days after head water, and the water is in the filling stage. Branched protective sunflowers have the habit of growing branches between leaf axils, which occur in the bud to flowering stage, and consume nutrients, which have a great impact on yield and quality. At least three times of this stage are to be smashed. Snoring should be "playing early and playing small", and the tender little cockroaches will fall off, saving effort and not hurting the stems and leaves. It is necessary to pay attention to the middle and upper leaves firmly unable to fight. As for the lower old leaves in the late growth stage, in order to facilitate ventilation and light transmission, and reduce pests and diseases, a small part can be destroyed.

Oil sunflower seeds germinate at temperatures between 20 and 30 degrees Celsius, which is the most suitable. In the temperature range, the higher the temperature, the faster the germination rate, but the high temperature will easily damage the young shoots, and the seedlings' adaptability to the environment will also be weakened. Caused an increase in malformed seedlings. What kind of environment is the most suitable environment for seed germination? This requires research and summary of seed germination conditions by means of light incubators and other related instruments. The temperature of the light incubator was controlled at 25°C, and the paper bed and the sand bed were used respectively, and the four treatments were set on paper, paper, sand, and sand, and the seed was cleaned after coating (the water was coated at about 45°C. After soaking for 15 minutes, rinse with clean water) as a control. Seeds were not soaked, with 100 replicates per test and 4 replicates. Immerse the germinating paper bed with water and place the seeds evenly on the bed. Check the temperature and humidity every day and add water at the appropriate amount at any time. After the first number of days of counting was 4 days, the germination rate was calculated after the last number of days of counting was 10 days. The germination rate of coated seeds was lower than that of cleaning seeds, the germination rate of paper beds was lower than that of sand beds, and the main reason for the lower germination rate on paper and sand was between paper and sand. The main reason was that the concentration of seed coating agents on sprout beds affected the embryos. To. Generally speaking, a layer of germinating paper is added on top of the coated seed when using the paper; when using the sand, the coated seeds should be kept at a certain distance. The spacing distance is generally five times the diameter of the cross-section of the seed. Reduce the concentration of seed coating agents on the germinating bed, reduce the poisoning of the seed coating agents on the embryos, and thus increase the germination rate of the coated seeds. In dealing with unsure of the coating seed germination test, using the method of germination between the paper or sand, at the same time, the cleaning species should also be set as a control to improve the accuracy of the test. The optimum conditions for seed germination test of coated sunflower seeds are the inter- and sand-bud beds. The temperature of the light incubator is controlled at 25°C and the sand layer is covered with 1 cm. There is no special requirement for humidity. When the temperature was at 25°C, the seed oil sunflower seeds had a higher germination rate and the seedlings were robust. This temperature was close to the ambient temperature when the sunflower was sown, and the germination results could best reflect the emergence of the field. Especially when sunflower seed is in dormant state, it is best to use low temperature test. However, when the seed vigor is strong, the dormancy has been released and the test results are eager to produce test results, a 30°C high temperature method can be used, which can shorten the seedling emergence time and end the test ahead of schedule.